Formal Lecture

One of the most frequently used instructional methods is the formal lecture. However, the formal lecture may not be the most effective method when considering a large group of students. Research shows that

the average college instructor spends about 80% of class time lecturing, but only about 50% of students listen
on average, students retain only 42% of the lecture material, even when they are told that the material will be tested immediately after the lecture, are allowed to use their notes, and are given a lecture summary
students are able to recall only 17% of the lecture material without referring to their class notes.

This is not to say that formal lectures are not a valid instructional method. Many students prefer the formal lecture, since it provides a minimum threat to them and they can, in a sense hide. Similarly, most instructors are trained in using the formal lecture as tool for delivering information and feel comfortable with this format. However, it is still important to study the strengths and weaknesses of instructional methods to find the best match for the student population and class objectives.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Formal Lecture

Strengths

Impart large amounts of factual information
Deliver class material in an organized fashion
Model the thought process
Provide an overview of the topic
Address a large student audience
Emphasize learning by listening
Permit maximum instructor control

Weaknesses

Passivity often leads students to boredom and disinterest
Little or no interaction between instructor and students
Communication is one way
Student learning is difficult to assess
Large class size creates a feeling of anonymity and isolation
Diversity of the student body and student learning styles is not addressed
Students copy lecture material without reflecting or questioning